This debate resurfaces in some of the best-known concussion grading scales, in which those episodes involving loss of consciousness are graded as being more severe than those without.[81]. 9. ", "Efficacy of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: interventions of QEEG-guided biofeedback, computers, strategies, and medications", "Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury | CDC Injury Center", "Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review", "What is the physiological time to recovery after concussion? [32], In the 13th century, the physician Lanfranc of Milan's Chiurgia Magna described concussion as brain "commotion", also recognizing a difference between concussion and other types of traumatic brain injury (though many of his contemporaries did not), and discussing the transience of post-concussion symptoms as a result of temporary loss of function from the injury. [2] A full differential diagnosis by a physician or nurse practitioner is required to rule out life threatening head injuries, injuries to the cervical spine, and neurological conditions. [21] Confusion, another concussion hallmark, may be present immediately or may develop over several minutes. Words - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. Download PDF. Common reasons for non-disclosure include a lack of awareness of the concussion, the belief that the concussion was not serious enough, and not wanting to leave the game or team due to their injury. [23] In an effort to simplify, the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, meeting in Prague in 2004, decided that these systems should be abandoned in favor of a 'simple' or 'complex' classification. Daily Language Review 128 reproducible pages. [53] The word "concussion" was used at the time to describe the state of unconsciousness and other functional problems that resulted from the impact, rather than a physiological condition. [2], Worldwide, concussions are estimated to affect more than 3.5 per 1,000 people a year. 100 100 2. Take A Sneak Peak At The Movies Coming Out This Week (8/12) New Movie Releases This Weekend: May 14-16; See what the cast of ‘Notting Hill’ is up to, 22 years later [101], About one percent of people who receive treatment for mTBI need surgery for a brain injury. [66][67], If the Glasgow coma scale is less than 15 at two hours or less than 14 at any time, a CT is recommended. [11] Though these events are thought to interfere with neuronal and brain function, the metabolic processes that follow concussion are reversible in a large majority of affected brain cells; however, a few cells may die after the injury. [75], No single definition of concussion, minor head injury,[76] or mild traumatic brain injury is universally accepted. People without brain injury will be able to track the moving object with smooth pursuit eye movements and correct trajectory while it is hypothesized that those with mild traumatic brain injury cannot. [57] Since students may appear 'normal', continuing education of relevant school personnel may be needed to ensure appropriate accommodations are made such as part-days and extended deadlines. [19], In post-concussion syndrome, symptoms do not resolve for weeks, months, or years after a concussion, and may occasionally be permanent. [100] Activation database-guided EEG biofeedback has been shown to return the memory abilities of the concussed individual to levels better than the control group. A systematic review", "What Can I Do to Help Feel Better After a Concussion? Download Full PDF Package. [15] Concussions are classified as mild traumatic brain injuries and are the most common type of TBIs. 1630 7004. [51] Axonal damage has been found in the brains of concussion sufferers who died from other causes, but inadequate blood flow to the brain due to other injuries may have contributed. [10] These steps include: At each step, the person should not have worsening or new symptoms for at least 24 hours before progressing to the next. [114] A recommended treatment in both children and adults with symptoms beyond 4 weeks involves an active rehabilitation program with reintroduction of non-contact aerobic activity. [97] Prolonged complete mental or physical rest (beyond 24â48 hours after the accident that lead to the concussion) may worsen outcomes,[97] however, rushing back to school before the person is ready, has also been associated with longer-lasting symptoms and an extended recovery time.
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