Warm season grasses thrive in 85-95 degree heat. Summer Field Technician Positions Available. August. The Center for Native Grasslands Management will be the catalyst for development of native grass management systems and communities that can improve farms, forests, rural economies, and habitat for grassland wildlife such as the northern bobwhite. About. only. 4. Native grasses come in a large variety of colors, shapes, and sizes. Top Product. Privacy Notice. Little Bluestem. These goals will be achieved by a combined research and outreach program. From the famous pompous grass to gray-blue echeveria, there is something that can suit anyone with any style. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Cool season grasses may require more water to stay green in a hot summer and warm season grasses will go dormant and turn golden brown in areas with a cold winter. These five species are all similar, but have important differences in key characteristics (Table 1). Switchgrass (Fig. Tags 25 Testimonials. Stiff-stemmed native warm-season grasses can serve as a barrier to erosion and can trap sediment carried by water and wind. five. Many non-native grasses occur “naturally,” but that doesn’t mean they are native. Sometimes grass is greener on the other side. Jan 04, 2021 Highlight. The response of grassland dependent and other wildlife species to these practices will also be studied. Photo courtesy UTIA. The Natural Areas listing concentrates on species more likely to invade and affect intact native plant and animal communities or hinder their restoration, posing threats to community integrity and function. Nwsg are grasses historically indigenous to an area that actively grow during the warm months of the year. It is located near Bonnieville, Ky and it is operated by the Seymour Family. Plants which attract insects in the spring also attract wild turkey, songbirds, and bobwhites and their young, which require many insects during critical life stages. While our lawns provide a place to enjoy recreation with our families, these spots of greenery also provide ecosystem services like filtering water and converting carbon dioxide into oxygen. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. " Roundstone Native Seed provides native genotype forb and grass seed. season grasses grow more rapidly during a relatively short period, while cool-season grasses grow more slowly during a longer period. Personnel Directory | Office of Sponsored Programs Order Online or Call 888-531-2353. Native grasses once covered the majority of the Midwest American grassland. " Roundstone Native Seed provides native genotype forb and grass seed. High priorities for our research include: The Center’s second major focus is to make findings from our research widely available throughout the eastern United States. Protect native plant and natural area habitat. Sporobolus heterolepis — … This grass is usually reserved for football fields and golf courses but it has found a place in many Tennessee lawns. There are many warm-season grasses native to the Mid-South region; however, seven species are most commonly promoted as cover for wildlife and/or forage for livestock. Use our Weed ID to find your weed and the Preen product to control it. Bermuda grass does the best in full sun as it requires a lot of sunshine to perform at its best. Switchgrass. Change ). season grasses grow more rapidly during a relatively short period, while cool-season grasses grow more slowly during a longer period. the. This non-invasive grass is low maintenance, drought tolerant, and deer resistant. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Learn more about native plants. (coming soon), Disclaimer | Indicia | EEO/AA Statement/Non-Discrimination, restoration of native grassland communities, particularly oak savannahs and woodlands. Native warm season grasses have the potential of producing forage for small farmers in the Southeast with less commercial nitrogen (N) fertilizer in a low-input system. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In the Mid-South, that includes those warm-season grasses that occurred prior to European settlement. late. PhD Assistantship with Center for Native Grasslands. Caution is advised if native cool-season grasses and sedges are present on site. Most native grasses, however, will do well in a variety of soils and require little watering. Several commonly encountered scenarios are described below – in order of decreasing desirability for native grass establishment. Whether used as a large background screen, an anchor in the shrub border, or on a slope to control erosion, grasses add a wispy dimension to the late summer garden. Native grasslands, once a significant component of eastern landscapes, have been reduced more than any other ecosystem in North America. Don’t dig plants from the wild. 1/2 lbs/1,000 square feet; 3 lbs./acre when planting with wildflowers; 6 lbs./acre grass mix only; Planting. Native grasses like switchgrass, big bluestem, Eastern gamma, and Indiangrass are heat- and drought-tolerant. Sev-eral commonly encountered scenarios are described below – in order of decreasing desirability for native grass estab- lishment. Big Bluestem. Common in Canada down to Tennessee. ( Log Out / 3. Want to get rid of your weeds? In a larger landscape, grasses can be the foundation of a design that incorporates a succession of flowering perennials. PB-1752. Tennessee Native Grasses and Sedges Recommended for No-Mow Lawns, High Wildlife Value* Bouteloua curtipendula – Sideoats Grama. You don’t have to be an expert botanist to do the same. the. Wild ginger – usually called Canadian wild ginger – is a broad-leafed evergreen that is low to the ground and does well in shade. This will play a big part in limiting which species are suitable. late. Most native grasses, however, will do well in a variety of soils and require little watering. Trees, shrubs, and native grasses afford cover when wildlife are resting, nesting, brooding young, escaping from predators,and surviving cold winter temperatures. 1. Wild Ginger. the. Learn more about native plants. Help with the economic decisions of summer forage production. patterns that occur when establishing native grasses. Zoysia was introduced to the U.S. … o In highly sensitive sites, and/or if sufficient labor is available, consider hand-pulling invasive species to minimize non-target effects. Learn more about native plants. Proceedings, State of the State: a conference on native warm-season grasses in Tennessee. field office personnel are unfamiliar with the most widely used native grasses such as switchgrass, indiangrass, big bluestem, little bluestem, and eastern gamagrass. Promote responsible landscaping practices. Larval butterfly host, nesting materials for native bees. Home About Us Buy Plants. The Center for Native Grasslands Management provides a scientific background to producers and land managers, enabling them to effectively establish and manage native grasslands. Featured. Native grasses come in a large variety of colors, shapes, and sizes. 2007. This native grass seed mixture of warm season grasses which will grow to a height of 8 - 12 inches. So I ain’t so depressed since my grandmother’s death 6 months ago. Water plants are great to add to a water garden or other areas where the soils are very moist, and there are also some water plants that will grow when placed in ponds and lakes. Birds, larval butterfly host. You will not be disappointed." Repeat selective herbicide application when invasive perennial vegetation regrowth again reaches 4-6 in. height. This mixture contains: Blue Grama; Sideoats Grama; Buffalo Grass; Seeding Rate. and. I am trying out knew seeds and flowers for depression. 1). 5. Drought and heat resistant Indian grass is one of the native plants being studied at the University of Tennessee's East Tennessee Research and Education Center in Blount County. General / assistantship / native grasses / native grasslands / PhD assistantship / Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Department of / Forage / Livestock and Forage Systems / Plant Production. I have nothing but positive things to say about this native seed cooperative. The Northern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative (NBCI) has … University of Tennessee, Center for Native Grasslands Management Grazing Native Warm-Season Grasses in the Mid-South How Do These Species Compare? Mid-South. (Fig. Color, texture, and style are distinct in every variety and choosing the qualities that appeal to you will only add to the appreciation you’ll have. Soil type and available moisture? Native Warm-Season Perennial Grasses for Drought Management in Forage Production Jason P. de Koff, Assistant Professor, Tennessee State University Contact: 615-963-4929, jdekoff@tnstate.edu, @TSUBioenergy 1 ANR-B4 2013 College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences Cooperative Extension Native Warm-Season Grasses Fig. Indian Grass. It grows wild in the eastern half of the United States and native people used the plant as a spice and for its edible roots. Grasses can add unique texture and a whole new element of sophistication to the landscape. Full sun or mostly shade? Across much of East and Middle Tennessee, pasturelands support a cattle and calf agriculture system that produces the second most valuable Tennessee product in farm gate sales. Even just info on which commercial variety is best adapted to Knoxville area would be great…. What this means is that summer in Tennessee is too hot for cool-season grasses to perform well and winters are often cold enough to injure or kill warm-season grasses. They provide outstanding service and an outstanding product. University of Tennessee, Center for Native Grasslands Management Native Warm-Season Grasses for Mid-South Forage Production Introduction What Are Native Warm-season Grasses? Native warm-season grasses (nwsg) are grasses historically native to an area that grow during the warm months of the year and are dormant during autumn and winter. patterns that occur when establishing native grasses. because. begins. I have nothing but positive things to say about this native seed cooperative. Free shipping for orders of 6 plants and more, in which case the prices already include the shipping. They differ from cool-season grasses, which make their active growth during spring and fall. Sign In My Account. These are big bluestem, little bluestem, broomsedge bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, sideoats grama and eastern gamagrass. 1). Switchgrass. 1/31/2017 Patricia McDaniels, pmcdaniels@tennessee.edu KNOXVILLE, Tenn. — A new study by researchers with the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture will evaluate pastures to document how management … Mix & match is fine. Sev-eral commonly encountered scenarios are described below – in order of decreasing desirability for native grass estab-lishment. I suggest you visit their facility and see for yourself. Enabling producers and land managers to effectively establish and manage native grasslands through scientific research. You'll find photos and details for 115 weeds plus helpful videos and other weed-fighting tips. species. Technically, the term nwsg could include numerous warm-season grasses native to the Mid-South region. ( Log Out / Ornamental grasses give the “feeling that somehow The native grasses are excellent because they can withstand arid conditions and drought conditions and also can survive wet conditions. After little water in the past month and some fairly intense summer heat, the field of gamagrass at the University of Tennessee's East Tennessee Research and Education Center in Blount County is a breath of spring in a dry July. modest. It may be planted alone or with a mixture of wildflowers. Native warm-season grasses: identification, establishment and management for wildlife and forage production in the Mid-South. 3. (University of Tennessee) Native Warm-Season Grasses for Forage . Fact sheet describing parameters and procedures for establishing native grasses. Wish you could see my wildflower field! Thanks.. They’re native to the eastern United States, and they’re good alternatives to introduced grasses like tall fescue and bermudagrass. ( Log Out / Native Grasses & Ferns & Vines. (coming soon), Information on a variety of native grass topics. Integrating native grasses into grazing lands is a good option for agricultural producers. The Heritage at Brentwood has cultivated a blossoming community garden that perfectly captures Tennessee native plant landscaping. The estimated acreage of turfgrass in Tennessee is somewhere upward of 1 million acres, which is not far off of how many acres of corn and soybeans are planted respectively each year. June. Exotic Pest Plant Native Plant Alternative(s) GRASSES Arundo donax Giant Reed, Reed Grass (India): tall Arundinaria gigantea River Cane: tall bamboo grass Tennessee Native Plant Society Department of Botany University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1100 423/974-2256 Celebrate our natural heritage and protect native plant communities 1. It is a hardy grass that handles harsh conditions and offers columns of texture and color to the garden in blue/green and purple/burgundy. We ship quart and pint sizes and only to areas east of the Mississippi River. recent. Bul rush is a type of wetland plant from the sedge family. 2014 JSAFWA 115 Structure of Avian Habitat Following Hay and Biofuels Production in Native Warm-season Grass Stands in the Mid-South Jessie L. Birckhead 1, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 Craig A. Harper, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 Allegheny Spurge. Native grasslands and savannahs once were common throughout much of the region, but 99 percent of them have been eliminated. Carex pensylvanica – Pennsylvania Sedge. Nonetheless, seven species are most commonly promoted for their value as cover for wildlife and/or forage for in. of. 4. Native grass once covered 3 million acres of Kentucky's grasslands in the pre-settlement days. Switchgrass.. Butterfly.. To support the Center or any of its projects, please visit our donation website and note “Center for Native Grasslands Management” in the comments. To benefit grassland birds and agriculture, Tennessee conservationists are providing key leadership for the restoration of native grasses in the Southeast, reports the Wildlife Management Institute. Native grasses mingle perfectly with wildflowers and play an important role in any native planting. 4. From the famous pompous grass to gray-blue echeveria, there is something that can suit anyone with any style. Tennessee Native Plant Society Department of Botany University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-100 615/532-0439 MIDDLE TENNESSEE Celebrate our natural heritage and protect native plant communities 1. Carex pensylvanica – Pennsylvania Sedge. Sporobolus heterolepis — Prairie Dropseed. Especially if it's native, drought-resistant and indifferent to summer heat. 5. Native warm-season grasses (NWSG) are a group of tall-growing bunch grasses that offer the potential for excellent forage production across the Mid-South. ... A literature review conducted by the University of Tennessee and funded by USDA found strong evidence that using native warm-season grasses caused steers to gain more weight per day and yield more beef per acre, compared with non-native grasses like tall fescue. Guidebook for native grass establishment. Technically, the term nwsg could include numerous warm-season grasses native to the Mid-South region. -Joy Wells Tarter. Keyser, P. D., Editor. season grasses grow more rapidly during a relatively short period, while cool-season grasses grow more slowly during a longer period. of. Tennessee Native Plant Society Department of Botany University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-100 615/532-0439 MIDDLE TENNESSEE Celebrate our natural heritage and protect native plant communities 1. Birds, larval butterfly host. Ornamental native grasses can be an excellent addition to any garden. well-known. Keyser is leading a new four-year effort to document the benefits of native grasses to soil biodiversity, which ultimately enhances producer profitability. grow. Establishing Native Warm-season Grasses for Livestock Forage in the Mid-South University of Tennessee, Center for Native Grasslands Management Common in Canada down to Tennessee. Tall fescue grows slowly over the summer. with. patterns that occur when establishing native grasses. probably. Wild Ginger. 2. Switchgrass is one of the native cool season grasses in North America that provides seeds for the birds during the winter. native grasses. 1) is. Free shipping for orders of 6 plants and more, in which case the prices already include the shipping. They provide outstanding service and an outstanding product. Zoysia. Fountain Grass. (NRCS) Native Warm-Season Grasses: Identification, Establishment and Management for Wildlife and Forage Production in the Mid-South . Buy nursery propagated plant material. rapidly. Switchgrass. 2. UTIA Family, please refer to utk.edu/coronavirus for the latest updates and student information. I haven’t yet found anything similar here. 1. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. 2. Nonetheless, seven species are most commonly promoted for their value as cover for wildlife and/or forage for Tennessee Naturescapes . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Three Outstanding Ornamental Grasses Blooming ornamental grasses blowing in the summer breeze add movement and texture to the landscape. The plant can grow up … most. In the prairie garden, the addition of grasses helps keep all of the plants upright. Buy nursery propagated plant material. University of Tennessee, Center for Native Grasslands Management Producing Hay from Native Warm-Season Grasses in the Mid-South PRODUCTION MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER LITTLE BLUESTEM BIG BLUESTEM INDIANGRASS SWITCHGRASS EASTERN GAMAGRASS Growth Seasons These grasses grow during the summer and are thus referred to as “warm-season” grasses … The Center will develop the scientific foundation needed to foster the economically viable incorporation of native warm-season grasses into forage and biofuels production systems, and restore native grassland communities across Tennessee and the eastern United States. These grasslands included extensive prairies, pine and oak savannahs, oak woodlands, and cedar glades, each with especially adapted flora and fauna. The Center will develop the scientific foundation needed to foster the economically viable incorporation of native warm-season grasses into forage and biofuels production systems, and restore native grassland communities across Tennessee and the eastern United States. Barksdale’s Trillium, Furrowed Wakerobin, Sulcate Toadshade, Barren Strawberry, Appalachian Barren Strawberry, Big Leaf Mountain Mint, Short-toothed Mountain Mint, Clustered Mountain Mint, Bishop’s Cap, Miterwort, Twoleaf Miterwort, Black Cohosh, Bugbane, Black Snakeroot, Fairy Candles, Blue Sage, Giant Blue Sage, Pitcher Sage, Azure Blue Sage, Blue-Ridge Buckbean, Aaron’s Rod, Carolina Lupine, Bluestem Goldenrod, Wreath Goldenrod, Blue-stemmed Goldenrod, Calico Beardtongue, Longsepal Beardtongue, Canada Mayflower, False Lily-of-the-Valley, Wild Lily of the Valley Common Page, Catesby’s Trillium, Nodding Rose Trillium, Bashful Wakerobin, Cheerful Sunflower, Morning Sun Sunflower, Cinnamon Willow Herb, Purpleleaf Willowherb, Common Blue-eyed Grass, White Blue-eyed Grass, Coral Bells, American Alumroot, Rock Geranium, Dark-eyed Sunflower, Appalachian Sunflower, Purpledisk Sunflower, Dittany, Common Dittany, American Dittany, Frost Mint, Drooping White Trillium, Bent Trillium, Wood Lily, Dwarf Iris, Dwarf Violet Iris, Vernal Iris, Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus, Devil’s Tongue, False Goldenrod, Short-pappus Goldenrod, Autumn Goldenrod, Fewflower Milkweed, Red Milkweed, Coastal Milkweed, Foamflower, False Miterwort, Heartleaf Foamflower, Fragrant Waterlily, American White Waterlily, Frost Grape, Fox Grape, Winter Grape, Wild Grape, Frost Weed, Iceplant, Winged Stem, White Crownbeard, Iceweed, Richweed, Squawweed, Glade Coneflower, Wavyleaf Purple Coneflower, Glade Phlox, Cleft Phlox, Starry Cleft Phlox, Sand Phlox, Grass-leaved Goldenrod, Flat-top Goldenrod, Great Merrybells, Large-flowered Bellwort, Green-headed Coneflower, Wild Golden Glow, Cutleaf Coneflower, Hairy Aster, Pringle’s Aster, Frost Aster, Hairy Oldfield Aster, Downy Aster, White Old-field Aster, Hairy Solomon’s Seal, Small Solomon’s Seal, Hairy Sunflower, Rough Sunflower, Stiff-hair Sunflower, Bristly Sunflower, Whiskered Sunflower, Harbinger-of-Spring, Salt-and-Pepper Plant, Harebell, Bluebell Bellflower, Bluebell of Scotland, Heart-leaf Golden Alexanders, Meadow Zizia, Heart-leaved Aster, Common Blue Wood Aster, Hoary Verbena, Woolly Verbena, Tall Vervain, Hoary Vervain, Jumpseed, Virginia Knotweed, Woodland Knotweed, Smartweed, Large-flowered Trillium, Great Trillium, White Trillium, Largeflower Tickseed, Large-flower Tickseed, Lion’s Foot, White Lettuce, White Rattlesnake Root, Littleflower Alumroot, Little-leaf Alumroot, Long-headed Coneflower, Upright Prairie Coneflower, Mad-Dog Skullcap, Rough Skullcap, Helmet-flower, Common Large Skullcap, Tall Skullcap, Marsh Blazing Star, Gayfeather, Dense Blazing Star, Midwestern Indian Physic, American Ipecac, Missouri Evening Primrose, Bigfruit Evening Primrose, Narrow-leaf Silkgrass, Grass-leaved Golden Aster, Ohio Horsemint, Downy Wood Mint, Downy Pagoda-plant, Pale-leafed Sunflower, Paleleaf Woodland Sunflower, Panicled Aster, White Panicle Aster, White Field Aster, Narrow Leaf Aster, Willow Aster, Parlin’s Pussytoes, Smooth Pussytoes, Big Head Pussytoes, Ladies’ Tobacco, Perennial Black-eyed Susan, Orange Coneflower, Prairie Lily, Wood Lily, Philadelphia Lily, Prairie Parsley, Nuttall’s Prairie Parsley, Purple Tassels, Purpletassels, Gattinger Prairie Clover, Red Trillium, Purple Trillium, Stinking Benjamin, Rosinweed Sunflower, Ozark Sunflower, Silphium Sunflower, Rough Blazing Star, Button Blazing Star, Tall Blazing Star, Rough-stemmed Goldenrod, Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod, Round-leaved Ragwort, Roundleaf Groundsel, Squaw Weed, Golden Groundsel, Sensitive Plant, Sensitive-Briar, Little-leaf Mimosa, Sessile Toadshade, Wood Lily, Toad Trillium, Sharp-lobed Liverleaf, Sharplobe Hepatica, Shellbark Hickory, Big Leaf Shagbark, Big Shagbark Hickory, Bottom Shellbark, King Nut Hickory, Short Green Milkweed, Green Comet Milkweed, Silverleaf Mountain Mint, Hoary Mountain Mint, Slender Mountain Mint, Narrowleaf Mountainmint, Small-headed Sunflower, Small Woodland Sunflower, Southern Blazing Star, Scaly Blazing Star, Spring Beauty, Wild Potato, Virginia Spring Beauty, Starry False Lily of the Valley, Starry Solomon’s Plume, Star-flowered Solomon’s Seal, Little False Solomon’s Seal, Sweet Indian Plantain, Groovestem Indian Plantain, Sweet Joe Pye Weed, Sweet scented Joe Pye Weed, Sweet White Violet, Woodland White Violet, Toadshade, Little Sweet Betsy, Whippoorwill Flower, Tube Beardtongue, Trumpet Penstemon, White Wand Penstemon, Twisted Petal Trillium, Blue Ridge Wakerobin, Upland White Aster, Prairie Flat-top Goldenrod, Venus’ Pride, Large or Mountain Houstonia, Virginia Mountainmint, American Mountainmint, Water Horehound, American Horehound, American Bugleweed, Whiteflower Leafcup, Small-flowered Leafcup, Yellow Honeysuckle, Yellow Wild Honeysuckle, Awl-fruited Oval Sedge, Blunt Broom Sedge, Bent-awn Plumegrass, Sortbeard Plumegrass, Canada Wild Rye, Prairie Wild Rye, Nodding Wild Rye, Common Wood Sedge, Eastern Woodland Sedge, Common Yellow Lake Sedge, Northwest Territory Sedge, Eastern Star Sedge, Straight-styled Wood Sedge, Fen Star Sedge, Dioecious Sedge, Sterile Sedge, Gray’s Sedge, Common Bur Sedge, Morning Star Sedge, Greater Straw Sedge, Spreading Oval Sedge, Hairy Sedge, Lakebank Sedge, Common Lake Sedge, Inflated Narrow-leaf Sedge, Eastern Narrowleaf Sedge, Wood Gray Sedge, Ivory Sedge, Bristleleaf Sedge, Bristly Cattail Sedge, Narrow-leaved Cattail Sedge, Squarrosa Sedge, Oval-leaf Sedge, Short-headed Bracted Sedge, Capitate Sedge, Owlfruit Sedge, Awlfruit Sedge, Prickly Sedge, Common Fox Sedge, Pennsylvania Sedge, High Meadow Sedge, Common Oak Sedge, Purple-sheathed Graceful Sedge, Graceful Sedge, Shortbeak Sedge, Plains Oval Sedge, Short-Beaked Sedge, Slender Looseflower Sedge, Slender Wood Sedge, Small Yellow Fox Sedge, Yellowfruit Sedge, Upland Sea Oats, River Oats, Indian Woodoats, White Tinged Sedge, Oak Sedge, Whitetinge Sedge, Climbing Hydrangea, Wild Hydrangeavine, Wood Vamp, Virgin’s Bower, Traveller’s Joy, Old Man’s Beard, Yellow Jessamine, Carolina Jessamine, Everlasting Trumpetflower, Yellow Jessamine, Yellow Passion-flower, Small Passion-flower, Alabama Snow-wreath, Neviusia, Alabama Snow Wreath, Allegheny Serviceberry, Smooth Serviceberry, Blackcap Raspberry, Tall Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Canadian Serviceberry, Shadbush Serviceberry, Juneberry, Carolina Rhododendron, Carolina Laurel, Piedmont Rhododendron, Catawba Rhododendron, Catawba Rosebay, Red Laurel, Early Azalea, Common Serviceberry, Juneberry, Downy Serviceberry, Shadbush, Dense St. John’s-wort, Bushy St. Johnswort, Drooping Laurel, Doghobble, Dog-laurel, Fetterbush, Fragrant Sumac, Lemon Sumac, Polecat Bush, Hairy Mock-orange, Cumberland Mock-orange, Streambank Mockorange, Late Lowbush Blueberry, Blue Ridge Blueberry, Hillside Blueberry, Lowland Bladderfern, Lowland Fragile Fern, Lowland Brittle Fern, Southern Fragile Fern, Northern Bush Honeysuckle, Dwarf Bush Honeysuckle, Pagoda Dogwood, Alternateleaf Dogwood, Alternate-Leaf Dogwood, Prairie Rose, Illinois Rose, Climbing Prairie Rose, Purpleflowering Raspberry, Flowering Raspberry, Fragrant Thimbleberry, Sandbar Willow, Narrowleaf Willow, Coyote Willow, Scarlet Elder, Red-berried Elderberry, Red Elderberry, Stiff Dogwood, Swamp Dogwood, English Dogwood, Stiff Cornel, Strawberry Bush, Heart’s-a-bustin, Bursting-Heart, Sweet Pepperbush, Summersweet, Coastal Sweet Pepperbush, Sweetshrub, Carolina Allspice, Sweet Betsy, Blunt-lobed Cliff-fern, Blunt-lobed Woodsia, Broad Fern, Southern Beech Fern, Broad Beech Fern, Crested Woodfern, Crested Shield-Fern, Buckler Fern, Narrow Swamp Fern, Evergreen Woodfern, Common Woodfern, Intermediate Woodfern, Goldie’s Woodfern, Giant Woodfern, Goldie’s Shield Fern, Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Glade Fern, Silvery Spleenwort, Western Bracken Fern, Western Brackenfern, Brake Fern, American Basswood, American Linden, White Basswood, American Hophornbeam, Ironwood, Eastern Hophornbeam, American Hornbeam, Musclewood, Blue Beech, Ironwood, American Red Plum, Wild Plum, American Plum, Black Locust, Common Locust, Yellow Locust, False Acacia, Carolina Buckthorn, Carolina False Buckthorn, Indian Cherry, Chalk Maple, Chalkbark Maple, Whitebark Maple, Cherrybark Oak, Swamp Spanish Oak, Southern Red Oak, Chestnut Oak, Mountain Chestnut Oak, Rock Oak, Rock Chestnut Oak, Chickasaw Plum, Sand Plum, Mountain Cherry, Sand Hill Plum, Chinquapin Oak, Chinkapin Oak, Rock Oak, Yellow Chestnut Oak, Common Honeylocust, Honey Locust, Sweet Locust, Common Persimmon, Possumwood, Eastern Persimmon, Devil’s Walkingstick, Hercules Club Prickly Ash, Angelica Tree, Loblolly Pine, Old Field Pine, Bull Pine, Rosemary Pine, Mockernut Hickory, White Hickory, Big Bud Hickory, Northern Catalpa, Hardy Catalpa, Cigar Tree, Overcup Oak, Swamp White Oak, Water White Oak, Pin Cherry, Fire Cherry, Bird Cherry, Wild Red Cherry, Rosebay Rhododendron, White Laurel, Great Laurel, Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum, Southern Blackhaw, Downy Viburnum, Shining Sumac, Flameleaf Sumac, Winged Sumac, 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